Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Comparative Evaluation Of Cytotoxicity Of Carica Papaya Leaf And Seed Extract - A Cell Line Study

2023-07-23T12:44:45+00:00

Introduction Carica papaya is recognized for its ample therapeutic potential. A range of papaya components including seeds, leaves, fruit, and latex are globally employed for therapeutic purposes, serving to promote health and mitigate various ailments. The literature has also documented the noteworthy anti-inflammatory and antioxidant attributes of Carica papaya. The aim of the present study is to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of papaya leaf and seed extract.

Materials and Method Ethanolic extract of various concentrations, ranging from 0.2-1 mg/ml of the papaya leaf and the seed extract were tested in mouse fibroblast, McCoy cells using the MTT colourimetric assay after 48 hours of incubation.

Results C. Papaya leaves and seed extracts had a non-significant effect on cell growth in McCoy cells in a dose-dependent state after 48 hours of treatment. The viability of cells with Papaya leaf extract was significantly higher than that of papaya seed extract (p<0.05). The result demonstrated that the treatment of C. papaya extracts in an increasing concentration shows a slight cytotoxic in higher concentration in McCoy, mouse fibroblast cells

Conclusion Carica papaya leaf and seed extract had a non-significant effect on cell growth in McCoy cells in a dose-dependent state after 48 hours of treatment. The papaya leaf extract was significantly better than the seed extract on the basis of the percentage of viable cells in the culture. This study demonstrated the high safety of the papaya extracts to be used as drugs in therapeutic practices.

Evaluation of The Effect of Thermocycling on the Fracture Toughness and Impact Strength of Bio High Performance Polymer and Conventional Denture Base Resin Material : An In Vitro Study

2023-07-23T12:48:47+00:00

Aim: To carry out a comparative evaluation of the effect of thermocycling on the fracture toughness and impact strength of Bio High Performance Polymer and conventional heat cure resin.

Materials and methods: The study was carried out in four groups based on the manufacturing process of the sample: Group I (n = 8) control group containing specimens of BioHPP and PMMA before thermocycling; Group II (n = 8) test group of BioHPP and PMMA after thermocycling; The values for fracture toughess of each specimen were measured using a universal testing machine by a three-point bending test. Impact strength testing of the samples was done on the Izod impact testing machine.The mean values of the fracture toughness and impact strength were calculated by Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank test are used for analysing the data.

Results: The statistical analysis shows that there was no significant difference in the fracture toughness and impact strength of BioHPP and PMMA before and after thermocycling. BioHPP has better mechanical properties than PMMA.

Conclusion: There is no significant effect on the mechanical properties of BioHPP and PMMA before and after thermocycling. Thus it concludes that both materials has clinical success and better longevity.

Comparative Evaluation Of Antibacterial Efficacy Of Ocimum Tenuiflorum And Syzygium Aromaticum Formulations As An Intracanal Medicament Compared To With Calcium Hydroxide On E. Faecalis

2023-07-23T12:59:20+00:00

Background:Intracanal medicament is a fundamental part of endodontic procedures that must have an antibacterial impact on the infected root canal bacteria for endodontic procedures to be effective. Calcium hydroxide is the current "gold standard" intracanal medication. The process of seeking for an effective and perfect intracanal medication is a constant and challenging effort. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in herbal products due to their antibacterial, antiseptic, and analgesic characteristics.

Aim: To assess the antibacterial activity of herbal extracts of tulsi and clove with calcium hydroxide as a control, in vitro assessment as an intracanal medicament on Enterococcus faecalis.

Materials And Method: This is an in vitro study using E. Faecalis, which is typically detected in infected root canals. E. faecalis was inoculated onto a Mueller Hinton agar plate. Wells with diameters of 6-8mm were punched and the herbal extract mixtures pipetted into these agar wells. After 48 hours of incubation, the diameter of the inhibition zones around all of the wells was measured manually. The inhibition zones of tulsi and clove combinations were then compared to the inhibition zone of calcium hydroxide.

Results: The herbal based intracanal medicament showed antimicrobial effect against test microbes, where the mean value of inhibition zone size (mm) was increased by increasing the concentration.When compared to tulsi and its mixtures, calcium hydroxide herbal formulations demonstrated superior antibacterial activity.

Conclusion :The herbal based intracanal medicament seems to be more effective against E.Faecalis compared to that of calcium hydroxide.Herbal based intracanal medicament performed better antibacterial efficacy as compared to conventional calcium hydroxide.

Comparative Toxicity Study of EverX Posterior and SDR Flow+ in Zebrafish Embryo Model

2023-07-23T13:03:03+00:00

Objective: This study aimed to assess the potentially toxic effects of EverX Posterior and SDR Flow+ dental materials on zebrafish embryos, using various endpoints such as mortality rate, hatching rate, heart rate, and morphological malformations.

Materials and Methods: Zebrafish embryos were exposed to EverX Posterior and SDR Flow+ dental materials from 4 hours post-fertilization (hpf) to 96 hpf. Parameters including survival, hatching rate, heart rate, and morphological malformations were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test.

Results: EverX Posterior did not cause mortality in zebrafish embryos, while the mortality rate was higher in the SDR Flow+ group. The hatching rate was similar between the EverX Posterior and control groups, but significantly decreased in the SDR Flow+ group. The heart rate of zebrafish embryos exposed to EverX Posterior was not significantly different from the control group, whereas SDR Flow+ resulted in a significant decrease in heart rate. Morphological analysis revealed normal architecture in the EverX Posterior group, while SDR Flow+ treated embryos exhibited malformations and higher mortality.

Conclusion: The study findings suggest that SDR Flow+ had a slightly toxic effect on zebrafish embryos compared to EverX Posterior. Further investigations are warranted to better understand the underlying mechanisms and refine dental materials for enhanced safety and biocompatibility.

Comparison Of Antibacterial Efficacy Of L-Arginine By Direct Contact Test- An In-Vitro Study

2023-07-23T13:28:31+00:00

Dental caries, the most widespread oral disease globally, has shown a reduction in prevalence due to the introduction of fluoride. However, despite this decline, the overall prevalence of dental caries remains high. Recently, arginine has been introduced as an agent to combat tooth decay by targeting the reduction of Streptococcus mutans and acidity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effects of L-arginine against S. mutans through a direct contact test using two toothpastes: Colgate Total Whole Mouth Health (Group A) and Colgate Strong Teeth (Group B). Test samples were prepared by diluting 2mg of each toothpaste in 100 ml of distilled water. These solutions were added to a microtiter plate, and a 10-fold dilution was performed. BHI broth and a bacterial suspension of S. mutans were then added. Optical density values were measured hourly for 24 hours. ANOVA and Post hoc Tukey’s test was applied for statistical analysis. After 24 hours, there was a significant difference within both groups, indicating that L-arginine exhibited antibacterial activity. There were no significant differences between the two groups at most concentrations, except at 1% where Colgate Strong Teeth toothpaste performed better. Within the limitations of the study it could be said that l-arginine has antibacterial activity but results have to be interpreted cautiously due to the in-vitro nature of the study.

Evaluating the toxicity and antioxidant activity of Oligopeptide with remineralizing potential on Zebrafish larvae

2023-07-23T13:47:51+00:00

Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the ability of self-assembling peptide (p11-4) with varying concentrations based on diffusion and remineralization potential on early carious lesions.

Objectives: To evaluate the antioxidant property of p 11 4 self-assembling peptide and to determine the toxicity level of the p 11 4 peptide in zebrafish larvae and embryo .

Materials and Methods: Adult zebrafish (4 months old) were purchased from a local aquarist. The male and female fishes were separated, maintained in our facility under the following condition in a 10 L glass tank: 28.5˚C, with a 14/10 h light/dark cycle. The fishes were acclimatised for 1 month, later the fishes were utilised for breeding, and embryos were collected and used for the following experiments. The collected embryos were further analysed under microscope.

Results: The survival rate of zebrafish larvae was investigated after being exposed with different groups of P114 peptide for 24hrs. (p > 0.001) indicates the significant difference between the control (untreated larvae) and treated group.

Conclusion: According to this study, it indicates that P114 peptide has antioxidant activity. It helps to maintain the antioxidant enzyme level during the oxidative stressed condition. The SOD and CAT level are upregulated during P114 peptide.

Factors which determine implant selection: Dentist’s perspective

2023-07-23T13:57:11+00:00

Purpose: To determine the selection criteria for dental implant systems used by implantologists in the Mumbai and Navi Mumbai area, as well as to assess their knowledge, attitudes, and comprehension of these criteria.

Material and Methods: A Google form (online questionnaire) was designed for this purpose. A personal WhatsApp account was used to send the questionnaire. A total of 19 questions made up the survey. Each question was composed of attributes of the implant system that the dentist would rate on a linear scale. One of these 19 questions included 12 distinct parameters that might help with implant system selection. Incomplete questionnaires were not considered. All valid responses were statistically evaluated.

Result: The questionnaire was sent to 810 participants, of which 403 responded (response rate 50.2%). Due to insufficient data, 3 responses were disregarded. Our study revealed that 62.7% were specialists and 20.3% were general dentists (periodontists (20.3%), prosthodontists (16.3%), oral surgeons (16.3%), and others 10.8%). The prosthetic and surgical parts of implants were practised by 67.82% of respondents. The majority of respondents (68%) rated scientific evidence supporting implants as the most crucial factor in choosing an implant system. This was followed by implant geometry (67.3%), connections between implants and abutments (66%) and ease of prosthetic procedures (65.8%). Platform Switching (78.8%), aesthetics in the anterior region (69.3%), and prosthesis type (screw retained) were identified to be the additional parameters that were most crucial for implant selection.

Conclusion: Study results showed that scientific evidence supporting implants was the most important criterion followed by implant geometry, implant-abutment connection, and simplicity of prosthetic procedure. Other major selection criteria included Platform Switching, aesthetics in the anterior region, and type of prosthesis (screw retained).

Efficacy of caries removal of Papain and Bromelain based caries removal gel decorated with silver nanoparticles- Patent

2023-07-23T14:19:07+00:00

Introduction

Conventionally caries has been removed by drilling using dental burs.But drilling causes anxiety,pain in patients.Another method of caries removal is Chemicomechanical method using gel.Papain has been used for this purpose and studied in literature. This study is about novel patented caries removal gel and its efficacy.

Aim

To compare the efficacy of caries removal time taken for caries removal and surface changes of patent group after caries removal with that of drilling and commercial caries removal gel under Scanning electron microscope.

Materials and methods

Papain and bromelain based gel decorated with silver nanoparticles has been prepared.Characterisation has been done based on EDX,FTIR and SEM.
Three groups were taken- patented gel, drilling bur and commercially available caries removal gel.
Caries removal was done on extracted molar with class 1 caries.Time taken for caries removal is recorded.After caries removal surface changes of tooth was checked under SEM.

Results

Time taken for caries removal was less in drilling group compared to that of other two groups.Efficacy of caries removal of equal in all groups. SEM results favored patented caries removal gel.

Conclusion

Patented caries removal gel can be considered as a method for caries removal as surface changes and marginal gap is more in drilling group..

Anti-inflammatory effect of Ficus benghalensis extract against acrylamide induced inflammation in Zebrafish larvae

2023-07-23T14:26:18+00:00

Ficus benghalensis, commonly known as banyan, is a tree that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. The tree contains several bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids, which are believed to contribute to its anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, some studies have suggested that Ficus benghalensis may have a protective effect against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. In animal models of IBD, treatment with banyan extract has been shown to reduce inflammation and improve the integrity of the intestinal barrier. In this study the antiinflammatory effect of FB extract was investigated in the acrylamide exposed zebrafish larvae. The FB extract reduced the neurotoxicity response in the zebrafish embryos by decreasing the oxidative stress condition. The antioxidant defense levels are upregulated and this condition showed that FB extract normalized condition. The AChE levels are maintained in the embryos exposure after the treatment. These results suggest that FB extract can be used as the protective agent.

Assessment Of The Danger Zone Of Maxillary First Molar In An Indian Subpopulation: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation

2023-07-24T10:18:40+00:00

Background:

Maxillary first molars have complex anatomy and strip perforation is most commonly seen due to extensive preparation of the internal dentinal wall, and therefore the most frequently fractured or extracted tooth. The aim of the study is to measure the dentin thickness of the mesial and distal walls of the cervical third in the maxillary first molars corresponding to danger zones respectively, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:

CBCT images of 577 maxillary first molars were analyzed in the Indian population. Measurements of dentin wall thickness were analyzed in the distal wall (danger zone) in the mesiobuccal canal of permanent maxillary first molars. The danger zone was assessed from furcal at every millimeter in the apical direction at five different levels using CS imaging software. The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS software.

Results:

The average dentin thickness of the danger zone was higher at the furcation level with 1.27mm and lowest at the 5mm level with a thickness of 0.96mm. The results were statistically significant (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

Within the limitation of the study, it may be concluded that the dentin thickness was higher at the furcal level and started decreasing gradually apical direction at 5 different levels.

Molecular mechanism of formulations mediated (amla, neem) silver nanoparticles in e. Faecalis

2023-07-24T10:25:34+00:00

Aim : The aim of the study is to evaluate the molecular mechanism of herbal formulations mediated silver nanoparticles against different organisms .

Materials and methods : Azadirachta indica and Amla leaves were dried and powdered , which were made into herbal formulation . Silver nitrate (1 millimolar ) was dissolved in 80 ml of distilled water , to that 20ml of filtered Amla , Neem plant extracts were added and kept in an orbital shaker for 2 days . To determine the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles Agar well diffusion method was done . Bacterial suspensions were dispersed with various organisms on the surface of plates containing Muller -Hinton agar . Readings were taken using U.V spectrophotometer at ( 250 -750 nm ) and Centrifugation done ( 8000 rpm for 10 mins ) Pellets were collected .Statistical analysis done using One way ANOVA and post Hoc test . P value was analysed.

Results :After the synthesis of silver nanoparticles color change was observed , the particles collected were then characterized and the peak value was seen at 425nm using UV- Spectroscopy . As the concentration of silver nanoparticles increases the zone of inhibition also increases in size.

Conclusion: Dental materials' antibacterial capabilities might be improved by adding silver nanoparticles to them. The Amla and Neem extracts used to synthesise the silver nanoparticles have also demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties. As a non-toxic substitute for traditional antibacterial treatments, silver nanoparticles may be utilised.

Application Of Diode Laser In Mitigating Endodontic Pain- A Systematic Review And Meta Analysis

2023-07-24T10:32:31+00:00

Introduction

Diode laser has been used in dentistry it exerts neuron- regenerative and anti-inflammatory effects to provide pain control. It’s application with low level lasers parameters causes insignificant thermal changes and elicits bio modulatory effects.

Aim

The study aim to examine the effectiveness of the diode laser in reducing post-operative pain during endodontic treatment and retreatment operations, as well as to discuss the numerous prognostic variables related to the chosen treatment approach.

Material and Methods

The results of 8 research were incorporated in the current systematic review and meta-analysis. Articles describing effect of diode laser therapy on postoperative endodontic treatment and re-treatment that were published between January 2011 to May 2021 were searched in MEDLINE (Pubmed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central) and EMBASE databases. References of articles included were checked manually

Results

Since the average statical diamond is towards the diode laser group so the mean difference between the experimental group and control group. The pooled average difference between the test group and control group was estimated to be 0.-0.50 at 95% CI (-0.84 to -0.16). Day 7 of pain evaluation favors the experimental group.

Conclusion

Endodontic retreatment involves a series of complex processes, where the finding of diode laser to be used subsequently as routine chemo-mechanical procedure for disinfection can efficiently reduce pain and provide comfort to the patient after endodontic treatment and retreatment.

Estimation of Release of VEGF From Concentrated Growth Factor compared with that of Platelet Rich Fibrin at Different Time Intervals

2023-07-24T10:36:25+00:00

Introduction

Autologous platelet concentrate (APC) emerged as innovative autologous blood products that enhance tissue healing and regeneration in regenerative therapy.There are two generations of APC. 1) First Generation: Platelet Rich plasma (PRP) and Plasma rich growth factor (PRGF). 2) Second Generation: Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) and Concentrated Growth Factor ( CGF)

Aim

To compare the release of VEGF from CGF with that of PRF at different time intervals of 1, 4 and 7 days

Materials and methods

CGF and PRF have been prepared from human blood. The blood samples were used to quantify the release of VEGF at different time intervals using ELISA kit specific to VEGF. The results were viewed using a spectrophotometer

Results

CGF showed better release of VEGF compared to PRF at 1, 4 and 7 days

Conclusion

CGF can be used as scaffold in Regenerative endodontic therapy.

Virtual Screening to Identify the Protein Network Interactions of Carica papaya Active Compounds with Endodontic Pathogens

2023-07-24T10:42:26+00:00

Introduction

The Carica papaya plant possesses significant medicinal characteristics. The utilization of various components of papaya such as leaves, seeds, fruit, latex and other plant parts for medicinal purposes has been well-established and is practised on a global scale. The antibacterial properties of Carica papaya have been extensively documented. This study is to determine the interaction of phytochemical compounds of Carica papaya with endodontic pathogens using molecular docking methods.

Materials and Method

The protein interaction of 10 compounds from carica papaya was done against endodontic pathogens- Enterococcus faecalis V583, Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 10953 and P. micra using Stitch Software. The virulence properties of each protein interacting with the drug were tested using VirulentPred and the functional properties via VICMpred.

Results

Quercetin was found to be an active compound that strongly interacted with all three pathogens. Ferulic acid, myricetin, and caffeic acid interacted with proteins of E. faecalis V583 and F. nucleatum ATCC 10953, whereas other compounds did not interact. In P. micra, myricetin and prunasin interacted with proteins, and other compounds did not interact. Quercetin was found to interact with three crucial virulent proteins in E. faecalis and quercetin and myricetin was found to interact with two virulent proteins in P. micra.

Conclusion

The results obtained in this study suggest that bioactive compounds from Carica papaya may have potential to interact with bacterial proteins of three potential endodontic pathogens. These findings make it potentially suitable for the development of a new drug in the treatment of apical periodontitis.

A Study on Antidiabetic Potential of Dried Fruits Extract of Eucalyptus Globulus in Experimental Animals

2023-08-02T08:05:58+00:00

The study investigated the antidiabetic potential of an ethanolic fruit extract of Eucalyptus globulus (EG) using male Albino Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced in the rats using Alloxan, and EG was administered orally at different doses (100, 200, and 400mg/kg/day). Glibenclamide was used as a standard drug for comparison. The rats' blood glucose levels and body weight were measured at the beginning and end of the 14-day treatment period. The study also evaluated hypoglycemic effects, oral glucose tolerance, and biochemical parameters associated with diabetes. Histopathological examination of the pancreas was performed to assess any regenerative effects. The results showed that the oral administration of EG significantly reduced blood glucose levels, demonstrated hypoglycemic potential, improved oral glucose tolerance, and increased body weight compared to the toxic control group. Biochemical parameters associated with diabetes also improved with EG treatment. Additionally, histopathological examination revealed that the ethanolic extract of EG helped in the regeneration of pancreatic tissue previously damaged by Alloxan. The findings suggest that the ethanolic fruit extract of EG, which contains bioactive polyphenols like Ellagitannins, has promising antidiabetic properties and merits further investigation in clinical studies and potential drug development.

PRF ( Platelet rich fibrin ): An effective bone regenerating agent in a patient with Large Benign Odontogenic cyst. A case report

2023-08-07T12:32:45+00:00

Introduction

The surgical treatment for all Benign Odontogenic cyst aims to remove the pathology to obtain bone regeneration and healing. To enhance the regeneration of the tissue by using the patient's own blood is a peculiar concept in dentistry. The purpose of this case report is to point up the effectiveness of platelet rich fibrin (PRF) placement into a massive bone defect resulting from a large Benign Odontogenic cyst marsupialization. Literature suggests that 6 months to 1 year is the time taken for the complete healing of cystic lesion, however the placement of PRF in our case decreased the healing time to three months. The results of this case report reveals that PRF can be used successfully as monotherapy for obtaining complete wound healing and tissue regeneration.

Advanced Imaging modalities in Endodontics – A Review

2023-08-07T12:39:32+00:00

Introduction

Introduction: Radiography is used to diagnose or treat diseases by recording the internal structures of the human body. Ever since Radiology was introduced in Dentistry, its use has been extended to all the disciplines of Dentistry. With advancements in technology, various imaging modalities are being used to better enhance diagnostic ability in the field of Dentistry especially with regard to Endodontics.

Aim: With every step of root canal treatment relying on radiographs, this article aims to explore the various imaging modalities that are used in Endodontics. The purpose of this review paper is to assess the limitations of periapical radiographs in endodontics and to clearly articulate three-dimensional imaging technology that have been envisaged as adjuncts to conventional radiographs. These include micro-computed tomography, tuned aperture computed tomography, spiral computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and cone beam computed tomography.

Materials and methods: Several articles from literature were studied and have been utilized in this review to highlight the different imaging modalities, their advantages and limitations in the field of Endodontics.

Conclusion: This article states that advanced imaging techniques help in obtaining precise images and specific information for accurate diagnosis and help errors during the treatment, leading to predictable endodontic therapy.

Evaluation and comparison of release of calcium, phosphate ion and pH of three commercially available pulp capping materials - An Invitro study

2023-08-07T12:42:46+00:00

Background: The ultimate goal of direct pulp capping is to safeguard the underlying pulp and sustain pulp vitality by rebuilding reparative dentin at the Materio Pulpal Complex, which acts as a "biological seal" to protect the underlying pulp tissues. Calcium hydroxide has been the material of choice for the purpose. However, due to varioius disadvantages Tricalcium silica-based cements are being developed.

Aims: To evaluate and compare pH, calcium, phosphate ion release of premixed Neoputty MTA, dual cured calcium silicate cement (TheraCal PT) and light cured calcium silicate cement (TheraCal LC).

Materials and Methods

Neoputty MTA, dual cured calcium silicate cement (TheraCal PT) and light cured calcium silicate cement (TheraCal LC) were prepared and immersed in distilled water. Calcium, phosphate and pH were measured at 6h, 12h, 24h, 7 days, 14 days, 28 days. Following each evaluation, the water was discarded, and the samples were immersed in fresh deionized water. One-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s Honest significant was performed.

Result:

pH of the system increased in the initial seven days. The peak was hit on the seventh day followed by gradual decrease for next 28 days. Calcium release was highest in the initial 6 hours and gradual decrease was seen till 28 days. Phosphate release was highest in the initial 6 hours and gradual decrease was seen till 28 days.

Conclusion

Primarily, TheraCal LC shows highest Calcium and phosphate release, which is beneficial for regeneration of pulp. However, it also shows high pH, more than 8, and hence need to be a concern during clinical use.

A Profilometric Study To Assess The Role Of Non-Coated And Four Different Types Of Coated Toothbrushes In The Abrasion Process On Enamel Surface -An In-Vitro Study

2023-08-07T12:44:14+00:00

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate role of noncoated and four coated toothbrushes in the abrasion process of enamel surface .

Materials and methods: Thirty freshly extracted human premolar teeth were used for this study. Teeth were sectioned horizontally at the level of CEJ to obtain the crown portion. Buccal portion of the teeth were mounted on acrylic bases and polished with pumice to clear off all the debris. The specimen were divided into 5 groups with 6 specimens in each group. Group 1 specimen were brushed with neem coated toothbrush, Group 2 with charcoal coated , Group 3 with antimicrobial coated, Group 4 with Nano mineral coated and Group 5 with non-coated nylon bristle toothbrush as control group. Customised brushing model was used to deliver uniform force. Brushing was carried out for each specimen for a duration of 2 minutes, twice a day, for 60 days, without toothpaste with standardized uniform diameter of 0.2 mm with soft bristles and in uniform movement. Profilometric analysis was carried out to measure the average surface roughness after brushing and the values were compared to assess surface abrasion. Paired t test and ANOVA was performed. Level of significance was set at p<0.05 .

Results: The results showed that Nano mineral-coated toothbrushes caused more abrasion than charcoal, neem and antimicrobial-coated toothbrushes The mean surface roughness in group 4 (Nano-mineral coated toothbrush) was 6.3617 ± 0.3981 which was found to be the maximum. The difference between all five groups was highly significant [p < 0.01].

Conclusion: The study concluded that coated toothbrushes cause significantly more abrasion as compared to non-coated (nylon) toothbrushes.

Evaluation Of Ergonomic Training Programme Among Dental Undergraduates In Preclinical Conservative Dentistry: An Interventional Study

2023-08-07T12:49:16+00:00

Background: The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and potential risk factors are more among dentists, dental hygienists and dental students. However, studies on WMSD among dental and dental hygiene students are quite limited. The objective of the study is to quantitatively evaluate the experiences of students enrolling in the preclinical conservative class with ergonomic practice.

Methods: The study is a single group interventional study planned amongst all second year undergraduate dental students, in the department of Conservative dentistry and Endodontics, MES Dental College, MES Academy of medical sciences, Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India. Informed consent was taken from the students involved in the study. The total duration of the study was 8 months. First 3 months were training period in which theory classes and practical classes on ergonomic postures were covered. Classes were taken twice in a week. The students were assessed by the investigator based on the criteria given in the checklist. For each item classified as correct received one point each and each incorrect point received zero point. The total score was out of 10.This assessment was done thrice i.e. at the end of first month, second month and third month. During the training period, a questionnaire consisting of 15 questions were provided to the students at the end of first month. At the end of third month of training programme, the same questionnaire with 15 questions were given to the students and the difference in their responses were analysed. The remaining time period of 5months was observation period during which the investigator observed the students performing ergonomic work postures while doing procedures. And interventions were done whenever the students performed in a wrong ergonomic posture. The number of times interventions done for a particular student during the observation period were documented.

Results and discussion:

Assessment of preclinical scores of the students revealed that the percentage score was maximum from first to third month (43.69%) when compared to first to second (24.31%) and second to third month (25.39%). Pairwise comparison of three groups among time periods were found to be significant (p value=0.001).Comparison of pre and post training questionnaire showed significant improvement in student’s response with p value <0.05 for each question. To correlate the number of interventions and preclinical scores of each students, a negative correlation of 0.7 was observed ie,the students with maximum preclinical scores during training period required only few interventions in the observation period and the students with minimum preclinical scores during training period required more interventions during the observation period.

Conclusion:

Ergonomic training program incorporated in preclinical classes helped students to adopt and internalize correct work posture throughout their academic year

Assessment of Retraction and Intrusion in Class II Division 1 case with and without Corticotomy Procedures – An In Vivo Study

2023-08-07T12:52:20+00:00

Background: Time duration is an important concern for the adult who seeks orthodontic treatment. As there is an increased chance of hyalinization and periodontal complications, this makes treatment challenging for them. It necessitates the use of lighter forces, a shorter time, and more precise tooth movements. To overcome these time limitations, various surgical techniques have been developed. One of the earliest surgical possible techniques is orthodontic treatment combined with corticotomy. So, this study was undertaken to evaluate the rate of retraction and intrusion with and without corticotomy in Angle’s Class II division 1 malocclusion patient.

Material and Method: 20 patients with Angles Class II Division 1 malocclusion, aged (18-30) years were selected. They were divided into 2 groups (10 each)- experimental who receive corticotomy procedures and a control group. The rate of retraction and intrusion was measured radiographically.

Result: Rate of retraction in control group (0.8 ± 0.13 mm/month) and in experimental group (1.1 ± 0.13 mm/month).Pre and post-observation mean amount of intrusion for the control group was (27.8 ± 1.48 mm and 26 ± 1.33 mm), whereas for the experimental group was (27.7 ± 2.26 mm and 25.5 ± 2.32 mm) respectively.

Conclusion: Patients with corticotomy showed 1.1 mm/month of the rate of retraction and 2.2 ± 0.42 mm of intrusion of incisors, which was statistically highly significant to the control group with a retraction rate of 0.8 mm/month and intrusion 1.8 ± 0.71 mm

Esthetic Rehabilitation Of A Severely Compromised Anterior Area- Combined Periodontal And Restorative Approach

2023-08-07T12:54:54+00:00

Esthetics in dentistry focuses on improving the appearance of a person's teeth, smile, and overall facial harmony. It encompasses various treatments and procedures aimed at enhancing the esthetic aspects of the teeth, such as tooth color, shape, size, alignment, and overall smile design. The foundation of a pleasing smile depends not only on the teeth but also on the gingival status. Attention should first be given to anomalies of the periodontium by initiating periodontal therapy which should be followed by the restorative therapy for long-lasting esthetic and functional results. An interdisciplinary approach is mandatory to diagnose various esthetic problems combining periodontal and prosthetic approaches. This report brings to light a case of esthetic rehabilitation of a failed composite restoration.

Effect Of Different Light Curing Strategies On Compressive Strength Of Bulk-Fill Composite Resin- An In-Vitro Experimental Study

2023-08-07T12:57:43+00:00

Background

The incremental layering procedure, which involves the deposition of composite resins in increments of thickness not exceeding 2mm, is one such protocol recommended to combat polymerization shrinkage. Another strategy apart from the incremental layering technique is by varying the light intensity which is used to cure the resin such as step cure polymerization, pulse delay curing, and ramp curing by allowing some time for the release of stresses associated with Polymerization when compared to the classic and recommended uniform continuous curing technique. So, it might be logical to assume that by controlling polymerization shrinkage we can also improve the mechanical properties of composites.

Objective:

The objective of the study is to compare the compressive strength of bulk-fill composite in Megapascals using different light cure strategies such as Uniform continuous cure, Step cure, Ramp cure, and Pulse delay cure.

Materials and methodology:

In this Invitro study, 160 bulk-fill composite samples were fabricated and they were randomly divided into 4 groups with each group containing 40 samples Each sample was cured with different light-curing strategies. GROUP 1-Uniform continuous cure, GROUP 2- Step cure, GROUP 3- Pulse delay cure, GROUP 4- Ramp cure. Universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 cm/min was used to measure the compressive strength.

Results :

The order of compressive strength reported was as follows (Based on p-value)GROUP 1> GROUP 2 = GROUP 3> GROUP 4

Conclusion:

Bulkfill composite cured by uniform continuous cure showed the highest Compressive strength value. The ramp cure method showed the lowest compressive strength value among all the samples tested. In all of the test results, there were no discernible differences between step cure and pulse delay cure